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Introduction to Copper: Fact Sheets

Copper Applications in Metallurgy of Copper & Copper Alloys

August 2001

By Vin Calcutt

Table 5. Physical Properties of Copper
Property Value Units Value Units
Atomic number 29
Atomic weight 63.54
Lattice structure: face centered cubic
Density
IEC standrad value
(1913)		 8.89 g/cm3 0.321 lb/in3
Typical value at 20°C 8.92 g/cm3 0.322 lb/in3
at 1083°C (solid) 8.32 g/cm3 0.300 lb/in3
at 1083 (liquid) 7.99 g/cm3 0.288 lb/in3
Melting point 1083 °C 1981 °F
Boiling point 2595 °C 4703 °F
Linear cofficient of thermal expansion at:
-253°C,-423°F 0.3 x 10-6 °C 0.17 x 10-6 °F
-183°C,-297°F 9.5 x 10-6 °C 5.28 x 10-6 °F
-191°C to 16°C,
-312-61°F		 14.1 x 10-6 °C 7.83 x 10 °F
25°C to 100°C,
77-212 °F		 16.8 x 10-6 °C 9.33 x 10-6 °F
20°C to 200°C,
68-392 °F		 17.3 x 10-6 °C 9.61 x 10-6 °F
20°C to 300°C,
68-572 °F 		17.7 x 10-6 °C 9.83 x 10-6 °F
Specific heat (thermal capacity) at:
-253°C. -425°F 0.013 J/g°C 0.0031 Btu/lb°F
-150°C, -238°F 0.282 J/g°C 0.0674 Btu/lb°F
-50°C, -58°F 0.361 J/g°C 0.0862 Btu/lb°F
20°C, 68°F 0.386 J/g°C 0.0921 Btu/lb°F
100°C, 212°F 0.393 J/g°C 0.0939 Btu/lb°F
200°C, 392°F 0.403 J/g°C 0.0963 Btu/lb°F
Thermal conductivity at:
-253°C,-425 °F 12.98 W-cm/cm2·°C 750 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
-200°C, -328 °F 5.74 W-cm/cm2·°C 330 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
-183°C, -297 °F 4.73 W-cm/cm2·°C 270 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
-100°C, -148 °F 4.35 W-cm/cm2·°C 252 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
20°C, 68 °F 3.94 W-cm/cm2·°C 227 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
100°C, 212 °F 3.85 W-cm/cm2·°C 223 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
200°C, 392 °F 3.81 W-cm/cm2·°C 220 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
300°C, 572 °F 3.77 W-cm/cm2·°C 217 Btu/ft/ft2h°F
Electrical conductivity (volume) at:
20°C, 68 °F
(annealed)		 58.0-58.9 MS/m (mΩmm2) 100.0-101.5 % IACS
20°C, 68 °F
(fully cold worked)		 56.3 MS/m (mΩ·mm2) 97.0 % IACS
Electrical resistivity (volume) at:
20°C, 68 °F
(annealed) 		0.017241-0.0170 Ω·mm2/m 10.371-10.2 Ω(circmil/ft)
20°C, 68 °F
(annealed)		 1.7241-1.70 µΩ·cm 0.6788-0.669 micrΩ-in
20°C, 68 °F
(fully cold worked)		 0.0178 Ω·mm2/m 10.7 Ω(circmil/ft)
20°C, 68 °F
(fully cold worked)		 1.78 µΩ·cm 0.700 µΩ-in
Electrical resistivity (mass) at 20°C, 68 °F (annealed)
Mandatory maximum 0.15328 Ω·g/m2 875.4 Ω·lb/mile2
Temperature coefficient
of electrical resistance
(a) at 20°C °F: Annealed
copper of 100% IACS
(applicable from
-100°C to 200°C,
212°F to 392°F)		 0.00393 °C 0.00218 °F
Fully cold worked
copper of 97%IACS
(applicable from 0°C
to 100°C, 68-212 °F)		 0.00381 °C 0.00238 °F
Modulus of elasticity (tension) at 20°C:, 68 °F
Annealed 118,000 MPa 17 x 103 KSi
Cold worked 118,000-132,000 MPa 17-19 x 103 KSi
Modulus of rigidity (torsion) at 20°C, 68 °F
Annealed 44,000 Mpa 6.4 x 103 KSi
Cold worked 44,000-49,000 MPa 6.4-7 x 103 KSi
Latent heat of fusion 205 J/g
Electro chemical equivalent for:
Cu++ 0.329 Mg/C
Cu+ 0.659 Mg/C
Normal electrode potential (hydrogen electrode) for:
Cu++ -0.344 V
Cu+ -0.470 V

Table 6. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Electrical Grades of Copper and Aluminum (Type 1350) Compared
Property Units Copper
(High Conductivity)		 Aluminum (1350)
Electrical conductivity (annealed) %IACS 101 61
Electrical resistivity (annealed) µΩ-cm 1.72 2.83
Thermal conductivity at 20°C W/m·K 397 230
Coefficient of expansion °C
°F		 17 x 10-6
9.4 x 10-6		 23 x 10-6
12.8 x 10-6
Tensile strength
(annealed) 		KSi
MPa		 29.0-36.2
200-250		 7.2-8.7
50-60
Tensile strength
(half-hard)		 KSi
MPa		 37.7-43.5
260-300		 12.3-14.5
85-100
0.2% yield strength (annealed) KSi
MPa		 7.25-7.98
50-55		 2.9-4.3
20-30
0.2% yield strength (half-hard) KSi
MPa		 24.6-29.0
170-200		 8.7-9.4
60-65
Elastic modulus KSi
MPa		 16.8-18.8
116-130		 10.1
70
Fatigue Strength (annealed) KSi
MPa		 9.0
62		 5.07
35
Fatigue Strength (half hard) KSi
MPa		 16.9
117		 7.25
50
Specific heat Btu/lb0F
J/kg·K		 0.092
385		 0.215
900
Density g/cm3
lb/in3		 8.91
0.322		 2.70
0.0975
Melting Point °C
°F		 1083
1981		 660
1220
Note: The values shown are typical for electrolytic high conductivity copper (ETP). Values for other grades may differ from those quoted, (see 'High Conductivity Coppers - Technical Data'. A comprehensive and searchable listing of the physical and mechanical properties of wrought and cast coppers and copper alloys can be found at Properties of Wrought and Cast Copper Alloys Search)