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Electrical
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- Energy Efficiency
- The 2007 Energy Act: Good News for Motor Users
- How EISA Will Affect Your Motor Policy
- Introduction to Premium Efficiency Motors
- NEMA Premium® Motors Mean Big Savings
- MotorSlide Calculator™
- Case Studies
- 100 Miles of Copper Cable Connects, Protects 4.6-MW Photovoltaic Solar Farm
- Driving America to Energy Independence, 30-mph Wind + Plug-In Hybrids = 100 mpg
- Copper-Rotor Motors + Variable Frequency Drives Maximize Savings at a Brass Mill
- Copper-Rotor Motors + Variable Frequency Drives Maximize Savings at Water Treatment Plant
- Bowling Pin Manufacturer Fights Rising Energy Costs With Premium-Efficiency Motors
- Mineral Producer Installing 150 Copper-Rotor Motors Rising Energy Costs Drive Upgrades, Rapid Payback Expected
- Shaw Industries Demands NEMA Premium® Efficiency Motors
- Bryant University Saves Energy Cuts Costs With All-Copper Systems
- Transformer Manufacturer Uses Only Copper
- Copper and Wind Energy
- Motor Upgrades Help Cut HVAC Energy Costs
- Kodak Focuses on NEMA Premium®
- Skating Arena Cuts Energy Costs with Premium-Efficiency Motors
- Brass Mill Cuts Costs with NEMA Premium® Motors
- Weyerhaeuser Policy Calls for Premium-Efficiency Motors and Transformers
- Cummins Engine Company Saves With Energy Efficiency Motors
- Energy-Efficient Transformer Yields 156% ROI
- DOE Mandates Higher Efficiency for Distribution Transformers
- Temperature Rise and Transformer Efficiency
- Introduction to Transformer Losses
- Proper Transformer Sizing & Copper Windings
- Transformer Life Cycle Cost
- High-Efficiency Utility Transformers Mean Lowest Total Owning Cost
- High-Efficiency Copper-Wound Transformers Save Energy and Dollars
- It's a Law of Physics: Copper Saves You Money
- One Wire Size Up Means Big Savings
- Have a Good Story to Tell?
- A Systems Approach to Calculating Energy Savings
- High Efficiency Motors & Transformers CD-ROM
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- Case Study: New Grounding System Ends Lightning
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- Case Study: Copper Grounding System Protects Mt. Washinghton Towers
- Case Study: Old Walmart + Electrical Upgrade = New 9-1-1 Center
- Case Study: Florida 911 Center Upgrades Lightning Protection System
- Case Study: All-Copper Grounding Systems End Million Dollar Losses
- Case Study: Added Copper Improves Grounding, Subdues Thunderstorm Threats
- Case Study: Copper Ensures Reliability, Power Quality at Boston Data Center
- Case Study: Reliable Grounding Saves Years of Seed Development, Protects Equipment, Stops High-Cost Losses
- Case Study: Power Quality Gets Top Grades at Business-Oriented University
- Case Study: Allegheny Power Insists on Copper For Substation Transformers
- Case Study: Copper Protects MIT Computer Center
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- Case Study: Florida Credit Union Data Center Shrugs Off Direct Lightning Hit
- Case Study: All-Copper Grounding Network Ensures Reliability
- Case Study: Copper Checks in @ Internet Hotel
- Case Study: Networked Plant Learns the Value of Proper Grounding
- Case Study: All-Copper Electrical & Grounding Systems Ensure Reliability
- Case Study: Copper-based Grounding System Ends Lightning Damage
- Case Study: Two Miles of Copper Grounding Saves Big Money
- Case Study: New Rules - and Copper Conductors Help Upgrade a 20-Year-Old Electric System
- Power Quality CD-ROM
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High-Efficiency transformers For Energy Savings
In the example thus far, we have used a 150°C-rise, aluminum-wound, 1,500 kVA dry-type transformer. Its efficiency of 98.47% would appear to be quite high. However, let’s consider a premium-efficiency, 80°C-rise, copper-wound unit, with an efficiency of 99.02%, and carrying a price premium of $5,900. Let’s further assume we have already gone through a savings and payback analysis of standard and high-efficiency motors, have chosen the efficient one, and have selected the larger wire size based on energy efficiency. The additional savings for selecting the high-efficiency transformer can be approximated as follows:
| transformer Loss | = (load of motor + loss in wiring) x (transformer inefficiency) |
| Loss in high-efficiency transformer based on efficient motor and wire size: | |
| = (14.94 kW + 0.159 kW) x (1 - 0.9902) | |
| = 0.148 kW, or 888 kWh/yr | |
| Loss in standard transformer based on efficient motor and wire size: | |
| = (14.94 kW + 0.159 kW) x (1 - 0.9847) | |
| = 0.231 kW, or 1,386 kWh/yr | |
| Additional savings due to more efficient transformer: | |
| 1,386 - 888 = 498 kWh/yr | |
| at $.09 per kWh | at $.07 per kWh | |
|---|---|---|
| Value of Annual Savings in transformer: | $44.82 | $34.86 |
The high-efficiency transformer’s cost premium of $5,900 must be spread over our example motor plus all other loads on the transformer, since this is only a small part of its total load. For simplicity, we’ll estimate what fraction of the transformer’s output is required by our motor, and reduce the transformer’s cost premium proportionately. The differential cost associated with the increment of the 25 hp high-efficiency motor is determined from:
Motor kVA = 30 FLA x 0.460 kV x √3 = 23.9 kVA(2)
| $5,900 cost premium x | 23.9 kVa 1500kVa |
= $94 cost premium for one motor |
| at $.09 per kWh | at $.07 per kWh | |
|---|---|---|
| Value of Annual Savings | $44.82 | $34.86 |
| Simple Payback | 2.1 yr | 2.7 yr |
(2) 30 full load amps (FLA) is taken from the motor catalogue.
Next section: Conclusions
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Highlights
Busbar section includes AC and DC ampacity tables, mechanical properties, sources, and additional engineering information.
Learn more about High Efficiency Motors & Transformers CD-ROM
Energy Efficiency Case Studies:
Furniture Manufacturer Realizes 7-month Payback With All-Copper Transformer
It’s Proven!!Using Improved Motors Produce Huge Savings and Fast Paybacks.
Find out how...
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