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Copper-Nickels in Power Generation
CONTENTS
Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants
The generation of electricity in both nuclear and fossil fired power plants involves important heat transfer processes; steam generators, heat exchangers, coolers, condensers, tanks, pipework, valves and fittings.
Steam produced in the steam generator of a nuclear power plant or in the steam boiler when fossil fuel fired loses part of its heat energy in the turbine by conversion into electricity. In the condenser, the balance is transferred to the coolant, usually fresh water from lakes and rivers, sea water or estuarine water, or natural draft in power stations using wet cooling towers.
For main steam turbine condensers seamless Cu-Ni tubes have been used. 90-10 Cu-Ni is often the first choice with the 70-30 alloy being used for the steam inlet zone. To avoid erosion corrosion due to abrasive particles 70-30 is better than 90-10 with 66-30-2-2 being the best choice where for example sand is carried in the cooling water.
For oil cooler and the auxiliary cooling systems the same alloys will be considered as for the main steam condensers. For high pressure pre-heaters (feed water heaters), 70-30 Cu-Ni or nickel coppers (alloy 400) are preferred. They are normally used in the cold worked and stress relieved condition.
There are many different piping systems within power generating plants and Cu-Ni pipes and components can be used under suitable conditions.
Useful References/Links
| View Paper | View Abstract & Order | View PDF Paper | Browse Web Site |
- Osna 10 Copper Nickel Sheathing on Offshore Structures. KME Germany 2010

- System Component Section (including Pumps and Valves)

- Reference Section

- W. Kirk and A. Tuthill. CDA Inc Seminar Technical Report 7044-1919. The Application of Copper Nickel Alloys in Marine Systems. Copper Nickel Condenser and Heat Exchanger Systems

- M.Jasner et al. Heat Exchanger and Piping Systems from Copper Alloy- Commissioning, Operating and Shutdown.. KME publication 1998

- B.Todd Materials Selection for High Reliability Sea water systems. CDA Inc Seminar Technical Report 7044-1919. The Application of Copper Nickel Alloys in Marine Systems.

- NiDI Publication 375 - COPPER-NICKEL ALLOYS FOR FEEDWATER HEATER SERVICE (1965)

- NiDI Publication 14021 - ALLOY 400 FOR USE IN HIGH PRESSURE FEEDWATER HEATERS (1993)

- W.E. Helliwell and G.A. Anderson. Firewall(22BWG) 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni Condenser Tube Use at the Hennepin Energy Resource Company Power Plant. PWR-Vol 30 1996. Joint Power Generation Conference Vol 2 ASME. 1996
Offshore Renewable Energy
Copper-nickels offer, by way of their marine corrosion and biofouling properties, benefits for the fast developing offshore wind, tidal and wave renewable energy sectors.
For an overview of copper-nickels and other copper alloys for offshore wind, tidal and wave energy application, view the Marine Renewables Webcast from CDA UK.
Applications
Resources
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References