A Copper Alliance Member
- Applications
- Resources
- Find Suppliers of Copper
- Technical Reference Library
- Publications List
- Automotive
- Building Construction: Architecture
- Building Construction: Fire Sprinklers
- Building Construction: Home Builders' Marketing Materials
- Building Construction: Natural Gas
- Building Construction: Plumbing
- Electrical: Energy Efficiency
- Electrical: General
- Electrical: Power Quality
- Electrical: Telecommunications
- Industrial: Bronze Bearings
- Industrial: Cast Products
- Industrial: General
- Industrial: Machined Rod Products
- Industrial: Mold Alloys
- Properties / Standards
- Seawater
- Soldering / Brazing / Welding
- Special Publications
- Statistics / Directories
- Seminars, Workshops & Training
- Market Data
- Standards
- Properties
- Properties of Wrought and Cast Copper Alloys
- Properties of Copper
- Low Temperature Properties of Copper
- Cryogenic Properties of Copper
- Typical Uses of Copper Alloys
- Copper Compounds
- Microstructures of Copper Alloys
- Corrosion Protection & Resistance
- Fabrication Practices
- Powder Metallurgy
- Metallurgy of Copper-Base Alloys
- Questions?
- Consumers
- Education
- Environment
- Publications
- Newsletters
- Publications List
- Automotive
- Building Construction: Architecture
- Building Construction: Fire Sprinklers
- Building Construction: Home Builders' Marketing Materials
- Building Construction: Natural Gas
- Building Construction: Plumbing
- Electrical: Energy Efficiency
- Electrical: General
- Electrical: Power Quality
- Electrical: Telecommunications
- Industrial: Bronze Bearings
- Industrial: Cast Products
- Industrial: General
- Industrial: Machined Rod Products
- Industrial: Mold Alloys
- Properties / Standards
- Seawater
- Soldering / Brazing / Welding
- Special Publications
- Statistics / Directories
- About CDA
Electrical
- Building Wire
- Energy Efficiency
- The 2007 Energy Act: Good News for Motor Users
- How EISA Will Affect Your Motor Policy
- Introduction to Premium Efficiency Motors
- NEMA Premium® Motors Mean Big Savings
- MotorSlide Calculator™
- Creating a Motor Inventory, Repair/Replace Guidelines
- Case Studies
- 100 Miles of Copper Cable Connects, Protects 4.6-MW Photovoltaic Solar Farm
- Driving America to Energy Independence, 30-mph Wind + Plug-In Hybrids = 100 mpg
- Copper-Rotor Motors + Variable Frequency Drives Maximize Savings at a Brass Mill
- Copper-Rotor Motors + Variable Frequency Drives Maximize Savings at Water Treatment Plant
- Bowling Pin Manufacturer Fights Rising Energy Costs With Premium-Efficiency Motors
- Mineral Producer Installing 150 Copper-Rotor Motors Rising Energy Costs Drive Upgrades, Rapid Payback Expected
- Shaw Industries Demands NEMA Premium® Efficiency Motors
- Bryant University Saves Energy Cuts Costs With All-Copper Systems
- Transformer Manufacturer Uses Only Copper
- Copper and Wind Energy
- Motor Upgrades Help Cut HVAC Energy Costs
- Kodak Focuses on NEMA Premium®
- Skating Arena Cuts Energy Costs with Premium-Efficiency Motors
- Brass Mill Cuts Costs with NEMA Premium® Motors
- Weyerhaeuser Policy Calls for Premium-Efficiency Motors and Transformers
- Cummins Engine Company Saves With Energy Efficiency Motors
- Energy-Efficient Transformer Yields 156% ROI
- DOE Mandates Higher Efficiency for Distribution Transformers
- Temperature Rise and Transformer Efficiency
- Introduction to Transformer Losses
- Proper Transformer Sizing & Copper Windings
- Transformer Life Cycle Cost
- High-Efficiency Utility Transformers Mean Lowest Total Owning Cost
- High-Efficiency Copper-Wound Transformers Save Energy and Dollars
- It's a Law of Physics: Copper Saves You Money
- One Wire Size Up Means Big Savings
- Have a Good Story to Tell?
- A Systems Approach to Calculating Energy Savings
- High Efficiency Motors & Transformers CD-ROM
- Motor Systems Training
- The 2007 Energy Act: Good News for Motor Users
- Power Quality
- Proper Grounding Prevents Outages
- A Power Quality Primer
- Two Modern Power Quality Issues – Harmonics & Grounding
- Are You Ready for the Electrical Needs of Today and Tomorrow?
- Wiring for Power Quality
- An Abbreviated Bibliography of Power Quality Information Sources
- Have a Good Power Quality Story To Tell?
- Case Study: New Grounding System Ends Lightning
- Case Study: Proper Copper Grounding Stops Lightning Damage
- Case Study: Copper Grounding System Protects Mt. Washinghton Towers
- Case Study: Old Walmart + Electrical Upgrade = New 9-1-1 Center
- Case Study: Florida 911 Center Upgrades Lightning Protection System
- Case Study: All-Copper Grounding Systems End Million Dollar Losses
- Case Study: Added Copper Improves Grounding, Subdues Thunderstorm Threats
- Case Study: Copper Ensures Reliability, Power Quality at Boston Data Center
- Case Study: Reliable Grounding Saves Years of Seed Development, Protects Equipment, Stops High-Cost Losses
- Case Study: Power Quality Gets Top Grades at Business-Oriented University
- Case Study: Allegheny Power Insists on Copper For Substation Transformers
- Case Study: Copper Protects MIT Computer Center
- Case Study: Copper Corrects Power Quality Problems
- Case Study: Florida Credit Union Data Center Shrugs Off Direct Lightning Hit
- Case Study: All-Copper Grounding Network Ensures Reliability
- Case Study: Copper Checks in @ Internet Hotel
- Case Study: Networked Plant Learns the Value of Proper Grounding
- Case Study: All-Copper Electrical & Grounding Systems Ensure Reliability
- Case Study: Copper-based Grounding System Ends Lightning Damage
- Case Study: Two Miles of Copper Grounding Saves Big Money
- Case Study: New Rules - and Copper Conductors Help Upgrade a 20-Year-Old Electric System
- Power Quality CD-ROM
- Proper Grounding Prevents Outages
- Busbar
- Copper Motor Rotor
- Industry Links
- CDA Building Wire Task Group
Ampacities and Mechanical Properties of Rectangular Copper Busbars
Effect of Emissivity and Number of Busses on Ampacity - Data here show how higher emissivities improve ampacity. Multiple busses also affect ampacity in a nonlinear relationship. Ampacity may be raised by increasing heat dissipation through the use of convection cooling or surface treatments. Surface treatments which improve emissivity are available.
| Number of 1/4x4 in. Busses |
Ampacity, Amp | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 °C Rise | 50 °C Rise | 65 °C Rise | ||||||||||
| Emissivity | Emissivity | Emissivity | ||||||||||
| 0.15 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |
| 1 | 1100 | 1250 | 1400 | 1600 | 1500 | 1700 | 1900 | 2000 | 1700 | 1950 | 2200 | 2300 |
| 2 | 1900 | 2050 | 2200 | 2300 | 2550 | 2750 | 2950 | 3100 | 2950 | 3200 | 3400 | 3600 |
| 3 | 2500 | 2700 | 2850 | 3000 | 3400 | 3600 | 3850 | 4000 | 3950 | 4200 | 4500 | 4600 |
| 4 | 3100 | 3300 | 3450 | 3600 | 4200 | 4400 | 4700 | 4800 | 4900 | 5100 | 5400 | 5600 |
| * 1/4 in. spacing. Ampacities of bus bar systems of other configurations must be calculated, taking into account size, spacing, number of bus bars and overall skin-effect ratio. | ||||||||||||
Copyright © 2012 Copper Development Association Inc. All Rights Reserved.
